Commercial energy storage systems are mainly divided into two categories: industrial and commercial energy storage and residential energy storage. Industrial and commercial energy storage is the core application of user-side energy storage. Depending on whether it is integrated with a photovoltaic (PV) system, it can be further subdivided into PV-integrated and non-PV-integrated types.
1. Classification by Application Scenarios
Industrial and Commercial Energy Storage: Serving non-residential electricity consumption scenarios such as factories, shopping malls, office buildings, and data centers. It is mainly used for peak shaving and valley filling, demand management, improving PV self-consumption rates, and serving as a backup power source.
Residential Energy Storage: Targeting residential users, it is usually combined with residential PV systems to achieve self-consumption of household electricity and peak-valley arbitrage.
2. Classification by System Configuration (Industrial and Commercial Energy Storage)
PV-Integrated Industrial and Commercial Energy Storage: Built simultaneously with distributed PV systems, it smooths out fluctuations in PV power generation through energy storage, improving the utilization rate of clean energy. It is suitable for enterprises with PV installation capabilities.
Non-PV-supported commercial and industrial energy storage: Independently deployed energy storage systems suitable for locations where large-scale PV installation is difficult, such as schools, hospitals, and commercial buildings. Their main functions are peak shaving and valley filling, and emergency power supply.
3. Classification by System Structure
AC-coupled energy storage systems: Employ independent PCS (Power Conversion System), with the PV system and energy storage system operating in parallel. Highly flexible, suitable for the existing PV project market.
DC-coupled energy storage systems (integrated PV and energy storage units): Integrate the PV inverter and energy storage inverter, achieving a highly integrated design with low soft costs. Suitable for new small to medium-sized commercial and industrial energy storage projects.
