The core technologies of residential energy storage systems mainly include energy storage batteries, inverters, battery management systems (BMS), and energy management systems (EMS), which together realize the storage, conversion, and intelligent scheduling of electrical energy.
Energy Storage Batteries: The System's "Energy Warehouse"
Currently, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries are the mainstream choice. Due to their high safety, long cycle life (up to 6000+ cycles), and lower cost, they are far superior to ternary lithium batteries and more suitable for long-term household use.
Battery Structure Hierarchy: Integrated step-by-step from cell → module → battery pack → battery cluster → battery stack, forming a scalable energy storage unit.
Development Trends: Evolving towards high-voltage stacking and modular design to improve energy density and installation efficiency.
The inverter is responsible for bidirectional conversion between direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC), and is a key device for the system's grid-connected and off-grid operation.
Hybrid Inverter: Integrates photovoltaic charging, battery charging/discharging, and grid-connected control functions. Suitable for new systems, it features high integration and easy installation.
AC-Coupled Inverter: Suitable for retrofitting existing photovoltaic systems. It connects to energy storage via the AC side, offering strong compatibility and low cost.
Output Waveform Requirements: Must provide a pure sine wave output to ensure stable operation of motor-driven appliances such as refrigerators and air conditioners, preventing damage.
